Author: KNEC notes and Past Papers

These are activities that support the physical distribution of goods and they include; Warehousing – This is performance of administrative and physical functions associated with storage of goods and materials. The functions include receiving-identification-inspection-storage of goods for issue to production Read More …

Intensities of distribution involve determining the number of intermediaries that will be used at each level and includes: i) Intensive Distribution This is the strategy whereby a product is distributed by as many outlets as possible. This is used for Read More …

E-commerce /it have improved distribution system and enhanced communication among members. It involves use of computers, mobile phones, internet, electronic payments e.g. Mpesa etc. Use of mobile phones and emails helps channel members to communicate in fast manner on issues Read More …

Contacting function – This involves being link between the producer and the consumer. Market feedback (communication) – They relay information to consumers about the product and collect feedback from the customers to the manufactures. Breaking the bulk – This is Read More …

Wholesaler refer to a firm engaged primarily in wholesaling activity, while wholesaling refers to all the activities involved in selling goods and services to those buying for resale/business use. Functions of Wholesaling Selling and promoting Buying and assortment (a group Read More …

This refers to all activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for their personal, non-business use. Retailer-Business whose sales come primarily from retailing DESCRIBE WAYS IN WHICH ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY HAVE ENHANCED THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMERS Read More …

Customer characteristics – This include type of customer, geographic dispersion of buyers i.e. location to manufacturers, customer buying habits and the outlets they purchase from. Product characteristics – This includes perishability, product usage (industrial-direct or household-indirect). Company characteristics – This Read More …

Channel Conflict This are disagreements among marketing channel members on goals and roles i.e. who should do what for what rewards.eg Horizontal conflict-refers to same level (among retailers). Vertical conflict-this are conflicts between different levels e.g. (wholesalers and retailers). CAUSES Read More …

CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION A channel of distribution is the route or path followed by a product as it moves from the producer to the consumer/final user. TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS USED They are mainly classified into two main categories i.e. Read More …

1. Cost-based pricing i. Mark-up pricing – this involves adding a standard markup to the product cost .markups are higher on seasonal items, slower moving items and items with high sewerage and handling costs. A high mark up however may Read More …